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Method for Erection of Temporary Piping on a Fully Automatic Wet-Spraying Trolley
Release time:
2026-10-13
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Summary:
In shotcrete operations for tunnels and underground projects, the quality of temporary pipeline installation directly affects pumping efficiency, the frequency of pipe blockages, and operational safety. Improper pipeline layout can, at best, increase pumping resistance and reduce spraying efficiency; at worst, it may lead to pipe blockages or even pipe bursts. The installation of temporary pipelines must adhere to the core principles of “straight and gentle curves, few bends, and secure fixation,” with scientific planning and standardized construction tailored to site conditions.
I. General Planning Principles for Pipeline Installation
Temporary pipeline installation should be guided by the principles of “minimum distance and fewest bends.” Pipeline routes should be as straight as possible, routed along tunnel walls or existing support surfaces, and the use of bent pipes and flexible hoses should be minimized. Pipeline layout must adhere to the “straight‑and‑smooth” principle, with 90° bends used only when absolutely necessary, as each bend represents a significant source of local pressure loss.
When bends are unavoidable, preference should be given to using a combination of two 45° elbows or large-radius bends (with a bending radius R ≥ 1 m) to change direction. For 90° bends transitioning from horizontal to vertical, the bending radius shall be greater than 500 mm. The bending angle of flexible hoses should be kept as close to 180° as possible, and hose kinking must be avoided.
II. Special Requirements for Pump Outlet and Critical Nodes
The connection between the pump outlet and the first section of pipeline is a critical node in pipeline installation. Direct connection of an elbow to the pump’s discharge cone is prohibited; at least 3 meters of straight pipe must be installed before the elbow is connected. Within 3 to 5 meters of the pump, the delivery pipeline should be equipped with anchoring devices to absorb the reaction forces generated by the flowing pumped concrete and to minimize pipeline vibration.
A horizontal pipe should be installed at the outlet of the wheeled wet‑spraying boom pump. A bend should be connected to the top of the horizontal section to redirect the concrete for vertical conveyance, and the length ratio between the vertical and horizontal sections should ideally be maintained at 2:1. The pump outlet should not change direction on a horizontal plane, as this can result in significant pressure loss. The diameter of the main pipeline should not be less than 125 mm.
III. Pipe Fixing and Support Measures
Temporary pipelines must be securely fastened to prevent shaking or loosening under pumping-induced impacts. All pipeline sections shall be firmly and stably connected, with robust anchoring points provided at bends. Horizontal pipelines must not be left unsupported and must be adequately braced. Wooden pads should be installed between the pipelines and fixed structures to provide cushioning, thereby preventing rigid contact that could exacerbate vibration.
Pipe clamps must be securely tightened to ensure tight, leak‑free joints. Each clamp should not make direct contact with the ground or supporting surface; a small gap should be maintained to facilitate disassembly and reassembly. Increasing the density of pipe support points helps reduce vibration and pressure loss. For pumping high‑grade concrete, the density of pipe supports should be further increased to ensure stability.
IV. Pipeline Laying Adjustments Under Special Operating Conditions
During high-temperature summer construction, intense sunlight can cause concrete to overheat and lose moisture, leading to pipe blockages. To mitigate this, wet straw bags or other protective coverings should be placed over the pipelines to reduce their temperature.
During winter low-temperature construction, when the ambient temperature falls below –5°C, the concrete delivery pipelines shall be covered with straw bags for thermal insulation to ensure that the concrete’s placement temperature meets the specified requirements.
During long-distance pumping, the initial stage should employ a “low-pressure, low-speed” mode to establish a stable flow regime, followed by gradual adjustment to normal operating parameters. The inner walls of the pipeline should be kept clean and smooth, and severely worn sections should be replaced promptly.
V. Safety Protection and Daily Management
Temporary pipeline installation shall incorporate appropriate safety safeguards. Conveying pipelines located near pumping equipment or in hazardous areas where personnel may enter must be equipped with adequate shielding to prevent injury in the event of pipe rupture or loose pipe clamps. Pipeline routes should be positioned in locations readily accessible to personnel for ease of cleaning and replacement.
Key points for daily management:
- Thoroughly clean the pipelines after each operation to prevent concrete from setting and causing blockages.
- Regularly inspect pipeline integrity and promptly replace severely worn sections.
- Ensure all pipe clamps are securely tightened and the sealing rings are intact.
- Pipeline installation shall be secure to prevent shaking under pumping-induced vibrations.
VI. Systematic Measures for Preventing Pipe Blockages
Temporary pipeline installation shall be incorporated into the pipeline blockage prevention system. Pipeline routing should minimize the number of bends and bend angles, employing large-radius bends to avoid abrupt changes in pipe diameter and sharp turns. The maximum size of coarse aggregate shall not exceed one-third of the pipe diameter. Prior to pumping, an appropriate amount of cement mortar or a dedicated lubricant should be pumped through the pipeline to establish an effective lubricating film. If pressure rises abnormally, reverse pumping must be initiated immediately.
The quality of temporary pipeline installation directly affects the spraying efficiency and construction safety of wet‑spraying rigs. By adhering to the core principles of “straight and gentle, few bends, secure and stable,” scientifically planning pipeline routes in accordance with site conditions, properly executing fixing and support measures, and implementing a robust system of routine inspections and maintenance, the incidence of pipe blockages can be effectively reduced, ensuring the continuity and stability of spraying operations.
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