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Integration Directions for the Intelligent Construction System of Single-Arm and Double-Curvature-Arm Rock-Drilling Rigs
Release time:
2026-09-30
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Summary:
In tunneling and mining excavation projects, the intelligent construction system for rock‑drilling rigs is evolving from standalone automation toward a fully integrated, multi‑process collaborative intelligence framework. The system’s architectural integration can be broadly divided into three progressive layers: the individual‑machine intelligent control layer, the multi‑machine collaborative operation layer, and the cloud‑based platform management layer. Together, these layers form an intelligent closed loop that encompasses the entire workflow—from drilling and blasting to support installation.
I. Standalone Intelligent Control: From “Manual Operation” to “One-Button Rock Drilling”
Single-machine intelligence forms the foundational layer of the entire system, with its core focus on integrating the positioning, hole‑layout, and drilling processes of rock‑drilling rigs into a digital control framework.
Automatic positioning and precise hole‑making. Fully computer‑controlled rock‑drilling rigs achieve automated vehicle positioning via laser scanners or total stations. After the operator uploads the hole‑layout plan to the control system, the equipment automatically computes and adjusts the boom’s orientation, ensuring accurate control of drilling angle, depth, and hole location. At the Huanghe Guxian project, the fully computerized intelligent multi‑boom rig can keep drilling errors within 5 mm. The latest generation of fully computerized rock‑drilling rigs, employing forward and inverse kinematic solution algorithms, achieves a positioning accuracy of up to 45 mm.
Automatic drilling with adaptive parameter control. During the drilling phase, the system autonomously executes hole‑finding and advance according to a pre‑defined drilling sequence, requiring only operator monitoring and assistance. The equipment employs high‑precision sensors to continuously track the pose of each boom joint, communicating via a CAN‑bus network. An MWD downhole measurement system acquires core parameters—such as bit rotation speed, thrust force, and penetration rate—in real time during drilling, transmitting the data over a 5G link to a cloud‑based analytics platform; accuracy in identifying these parameters exceeds 90%. The system intelligently adjusts drilling parameters and strategies based on geological data, dynamically adapting to complex surrounding rock conditions. The next‑generation intelligent three‑boom rock‑drilling rig integrates laser‑vision guidance, boom collision‑avoidance warning, and remote‑control capabilities, reducing average drilling times to 1–1.5 hours.
II. Multi-robot Coordination and Remote Control: From “Individual Operations” to “Swarm Coordination”
Building on standalone intelligence, the second layer of integration in an intelligent construction system aims to enable collaborative operations and remote control among multiple pieces of equipment working at the same face.
Multi‑machine simultaneous operation and spatial parallelism. In the Tongyan Tunnel, two three‑arm rock‑drilling rigs perform synchronous drilling on the left and right sides of the face. By leveraging dual optimization—spatial parallelism combined with precise temporal coordination—the overall efficiency of the drill‑and‑blast cycle is significantly enhanced. When multiple pieces of equipment operate in concert, the intelligent system must address issues such as spatial collision avoidance, seamless workflow integration, and optimal resource allocation.
Remote operation and reduced‑man operations. The remote‑control system, enabled by a dedicated network, achieves “what you see is what you control,” allowing operators at the ground‑based centralized control center to perform remote tasks while staying clear of the high‑risk areas at the tunnel face. At projects such as the Xinghuayu Tunnel in Shandong, China Railway Construction Heavy Industry’s three‑arm rock‑drilling rig integrates a remote‑control system with local intelligent equipment, providing a dual‑layer safety safeguard that effectively mitigates risks at the working face. The integration of the remote‑control system comprises three key modules: an onboard intelligent control suite—covering power management, motion control, image acquisition, and attitude sensing—alongside a 5G‑dedicated communication network and a remote‑control terminal.
III. Cloud Platforms and Digital Twins: From “Experience-Driven” to “Data-Driven”
The highest level of integration in an intelligent construction system involves aggregating the massive volumes of construction data generated by individual machines and machine clusters into a cloud-based platform, thereby enabling a transition from discrete operations to data-driven decision-making.
Real-time data acquisition and closed-loop feedback during construction. The fully computerized rock‑drilling rig features construction log recording, automatic collection of drilling data, real-time transmission and storage of in‑process drilling data, intelligent assessment of surrounding rock at the tunnel face, automated generation of blast‑hole layout maps, automatic equipment positioning, automated drilling, and automated arch‑roof excavation. Upon receiving in‑process drilling data, the intelligent construction platform employs an advanced intelligent blasting‑parameter decision‑making algorithm to automatically generate a tunnel blasting plan and transmit the drill‑hole layout map back to the drilling rig, thereby establishing a closed-loop management system encompassing “drilling–monitoring–feedback–adjustment.”
Digital twins and full‑process control. The Xihu Shan Tunnel project on the Lijiang Expressway has deployed a GIS‑BIM‑based digital collaborative management platform, creating a “digital twin” that evolves in sync with the physical tunnel. The platform integrates real‑time data from ground‑penetrating radar monitoring, equipment operating parameters, on‑site video feeds, and other multi‑source information, enabling clear visualization of construction progress, surrounding rock conditions, and equipment locations within a three‑dimensional model, while also providing intelligent early warning for potential risks such as water inflow and deformation. Post‑blasting 3D contour scanning generates point‑cloud data and models of the excavation face, allowing precise comparison with design cross‑sections to control over‑ and under‑excavation.
IV. Technical Pathways for System Integration
The integration of the intelligent construction system for single-arm and double-curve-boom rock‑drilling rigs is advancing along the following technical roadmap:
At the standalone intelligent‑operation level, Wuxin Equipment has developed three progressive tiers—L0 (electronic‑control version), L1 (semi‑computerized version), and L2 (fully computerized version)—covering functions ranging from intelligent visualization and drill‑hole log storage to automated hole‑finding drilling, MWD‑based geological analysis, 3D contour scanning, and self‑diagnostic fault detection. At the cluster‑collaboration level, China Railway Equipment has established a comprehensive, integrated construction‑equipment system that includes core machines such as intelligent three‑arm rock‑drilling rigs, arch‑support installation trolleys, and integrated bolting‑and‑grouting units, thereby forming a fully mechanized workflow that spans excavation, support, and lining operations. At the end‑to‑end process‑management level, the “One Tunnel, Nine Lines” rapid‑construction system for large tunneling machinery integrates nine major operational lines—including advanced geological forecasting, three‑arm rock‑drilling rig excavation, arch‑support installation, and initial concrete shotcrete application—under unified scheduling.
The intelligent construction system integration of single-arm and double‑curved‑arm rock‑drilling rigs spans the entire workflow—from standalone automated drilling and on‑drill sensing, to multi‑rig collaboration and remote operation, and finally to cloud‑based platform management and digital twin‑driven process control—each layer building upon the last and mutually reinforcing. The core objective of this integrated approach is to evolve rock‑drilling rigs from mere drilling equipment into intelligent construction terminals that integrate perception, decision‑making, execution, and learning, thereby driving tunnel construction toward a paradigm shift from “labor‑intensive, manpower‑driven” methods to one characterized by mechanization replacing workers, automation reducing labor, and intelligence enabling unmanned operations.
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