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Application Scenarios for Fully Automatic Wet-Spray Trolley Rubber Hoses
Release time:
2026-08-25
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In the conveying system of a fully automated wet-spraying carriage, rubber hoses play an indispensable role. They serve as the critical “joint” connecting the rigid conveying pipelines to the spray nozzles, while also ensuring that spraying operations can reach every corner with flexibility. Unlike high-pressure steel pipes, which are primarily used for the main pumping lines, rubber hoses—owing to their unique flexibility and pliability—are mainly employed in the following core operational stages.
I. Manual flexible fabric placement at the nozzle end
The most widespread and critical application of rubber hoses is as flexible connectors between the nozzle of a wet‑spraying carriage and the rigid downstream piping. The operator must hold the nozzle to spray concrete onto tunnel walls, arches, or slopes at varying angles and distances. If rigid steel pipes were used directly, the nozzle’s range of motion would be severely restricted, making precise work impossible. Specialized rubber delivery hoses, with their exceptional wear resistance, high toughness, excellent flexibility, and strong pressure‑bearing capacity, enable operators to adjust the spraying posture with great agility, significantly expanding the working envelope after initial positioning and eliminating dead zones in the construction process.
II. Construction Scenarios Involving Confined Spaces and Multiple Staircases
In support‑work operations within confined spaces such as tunnels, mines, and culverts, rigid pipelines are often difficult to install in place, whereas rubber hoses can readily accommodate these challenges thanks to their exceptional flexibility. Particularly when using the two‑stage or three‑stage construction methods, equipment must switch between working planes at different elevations; extensive use of rubber hoses ensures that concrete can smoothly reach the sidewalls and invert arch areas, enabling agile maneuvering, a broad operational footprint, and the elimination of dead zones. During pipeline installation, it is also essential to ensure that the hose curvature remains below 180° and that no kinking occurs, thereby maintaining unobstructed flow.
III. Support Operations for Tunnels and Underground Cavities
Fully automatic wet-spraying rigs are widely used for support operations in various tunneling projects, shafts, caverns, and slope‑stabilization shotcrete applications. In such complex environments—characterized by high humidity, heavy loads, and abundant dust—rubber hoses, with their robust outer synthetic rubber layer and specialized inner lining, can withstand repeated abrasion from rock faces and the erosive action of cement slurry, offering superior environmental adaptability and durability compared to rigid piping.
IV. Conveying Scenarios Involving Abrasive Materials
The concrete slurry conveyed during wet‑spraying operations contains highly abrasive materials such as sand, gravel, and cement particles, subjecting the inner walls of the pipeline to severe impact. To address these demanding conditions, high‑performance rubber hoses leverage their superior wear resistance and impact‑resistance capabilities. UPE (ultra‑high‑molecular‑weight polyethylene)‑lined rubber hoses exhibit far greater wear resistance than conventional rubber, with a wear‑resistance index that can be several times—or even ten times—higher. For instance, in one tunnel shotcrete‑anchoring project, switching to UPE‑lined hoses extended the service life of each hose from three days to fifteen days. Additionally, delivery hoses featuring polyurethane and butyl rubber linings offer exceptional wear resistance, high toughness, and excellent pressure‑holding capability. Equipment manufacturers such as Zhengxun Heavy Industry have innovatively adopted wear‑resistant steel pipes to replace certain traditional hoses, thereby reducing the risk of blockages; however, rubber hoses are still retained at the end of the delivery line to enable flexible spraying.
V. Auxiliary Operations Such as Grouting, Sandblasting, and Equipment Cleaning
In addition to its primary function of shotcrete delivery, the rubber hoses of the fully automated wet‑spraying carriage can also be adapted for auxiliary operations such as grouting, high‑pressure sandblasting, and even equipment cleaning. Some of the hoses feature a multi‑layer construction: the inner layer is braided with high‑strength polyester fibers, while the outer layer is made of an abrasion‑ and aging‑resistant SBR/NR composite conductive rubber, ensuring continuous operation under a constant pressure of 400 psi. This design meets the demanding requirements of high‑pressure applications like grouting and sandblasting, offering resistance to high pressure and pulse loading. After completing the job, it is essential to thoroughly flush any residual concrete from the hose using high‑pressure water or compressed air combined with clean water, paying particular attention to bends and reducers and performing repeated rinsing to prevent blockages. This cleaning process likewise relies on the hose’s flexibility to achieve complete internal cleanliness.
V. Key Considerations for Selection
In the practical application of wet-spraying rigs, rubber hoses of appropriate specifications and performance should be selected based on the specific construction conditions.
| Application Scenario | Recommended Type | Key Performance Highlights |
| Ordinary Concrete Spraying | Cloth‑Reinforced/Braided Rubber Hose | Pressure resistance ≥ 8.5 MPa, with a wear‑resistant inner layer and flexible bending performance |
| Long-distance/High-intensity Jetting | Multi-layer Steel Wire‑Braided Rubber Hose | High pressure resistance (12 MPa and above), pulse‑resistant, suitable for heavy loads |
| Handling of Highly Abrasive Materials | UPE-Lined Hose | Wear resistance improved by 5–10 times; service life extended by more than fivefold compared to conventional hoses |
| Operations in Extremely Cold Regions | UPE hose with steel wire reinforcement | Retains flexibility at low temperatures (usable down to -40°C), preventing brittle fracture |
| High-Pressure Sandblasting/Grouting Operations | Steel‑wire‑braided + High‑Tensile Fiber Reinforced Hose | Operates at a constant 400 psi, with high-pressure and impact resistance |
Precautions for Use: Rubber hoses naturally degrade over time due to aging, and hose assemblies also age, requiring periodic replacement. Their service life is typically influenced by usage frequency and environmental factors. Unlike rigid pipes, rubber hoses cannot withstand the same pressure or external forces; therefore, they must be used in strict accordance with the safety factor requirements specified in the equipment manual. During routine operations, inspect the hose surface for bubbles, check joints for oil leakage, and examine the hose for bulging or severe deformation. Replace any damaged components promptly upon detection.
Overall, in fully automated wet‑spraying boom systems, rubber hoses and steel rigid pipes work in tandem: the rigid pipes handle the high‑pressure, backbone transport function, while the flexible hoses perform delicate tasks at the nozzle end—such as precise material distribution, auxiliary connections under varying operating conditions, and delivery into confined spaces—tasks that rigid pipelines cannot accomplish. Their diverse applications in tunnel support, mine roadways, slope stabilization, narrow‑space spraying, and the conveyance of highly abrasive materials vividly demonstrate the engineering value of flexible piping in mechanized wet‑spraying operations.
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