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Technical Analysis of Fully Automatic Wet-Spraying Trolley Technology for Underwater Concrete Pumping
Release time:
2026-07-08
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Summary:
As a core piece of equipment for supporting underwater structures such as tunnels and bridges, the fully automated wet‑spraying carriage requires underwater concrete‑pumping technology that simultaneously ensures sealing integrity, pressure balance, and material compatibility. This paper systematically outlines its technical implementation pathway from four perspectives: equipment selection, process flow, control of key parameters, and safety measures.
I. Equipment Selection and Adaptation Modifications
Underwater pumping requires the use of specialized wet‑spraying rigs equipped with high‑pressure sealing capabilities. For example, a certain brand of underwater wet‑spraying rig features a pump system with a double‑seal design, incorporating three sealing rings between the main hydraulic cylinder and the concrete cylinder, enabling it to withstand… 10MPa The above water pressure prevents seawater from entering the hydraulic system. Meanwhile, the delivery pipelines must be upgraded to corrosion‑resistant alloy materials, such as… 316L Stainless steel exhibits improved resistance to chloride-ion corrosion compared to ordinary carbon steel. 5 times, with the service life extended to 3 More than years.
To meet the fluidity requirements of underwater concrete, the equipment must be equipped with an intelligent adjustment system. A particular model of wet‑spraying rig uses pressure sensors to monitor pumping resistance in real time and automatically adjusts the stroke frequency of the main hydraulic cylinder, ensuring that the concrete remains… 200 It can still maintain its performance even at great depths. 18-22cm Its slump meets the requirements of underwater jetting construction.
II. Process Flow and Operating Procedures
1. Preprocessing stage
Prior to underwater pumping, the concrete must undergo a specially formulated mix design. Sulfate-resistant cement is recommended, and the aggregate size should be controlled within… 5-10mm To reduce the risk of pipe blockage, incorporate 1.5%-2% Polycarboxylate superplasticizers enhance fluidity. For example, a certain cross-sea tunnel project employs C40 Underwater concrete, with the water-cement ratio controlled at 0.42 , precise material dosing is achieved through the wet-spraying carriage’s automatic metering system, with error control within ±1% Within.
2. Pumping start-up phase
Pre-lubrication of the piping is required before startup: first pump… 1:1 Cement mortar 2-3 After a few minutes, once a lubricating layer has formed, switch to concrete delivery. In one engineering case, a dual‑pump series system on a wet‑spraying rig was employed: the primary pump delivers mortar, while the secondary pump handles concrete, enabling seamless handover and significantly reducing the likelihood of pipe blockages.
3. Underwater jetting phase
The jetting arm must be equipped with an underwater camera and a laser positioning system to adjust the jetting angle and distance in real time. For example, a deep-water pile foundation construction project employs a five-degree-of-freedom robotic arm, which can… 30 Achieved at a water depth of meters ±0.5° The jetting accuracy ensures uniform concrete coverage. The dosage of the accelerating agent must be dynamically adjusted according to water depth, with each increase… 10 Water depth, increased dosage of rapid-setting agent 0.3% , to compensate for the effect of water pressure on setting time.
III. Control of Key Parameters
1. Pumping Pressure Management
The pumping pressure in underwater operations must overcome both the hydrostatic pressure and pipeline friction losses. Theoretical calculations indicate that for every… 10 The water depth has increased by approximately 0.1MPa The additional pressure, when combined with pipeline friction losses, requires the total pumping pressure to reach that corresponding to the water depth of 1.2-1.5 times. A certain wet-spraying carriage uses a variable-frequency motor to drive its pumping system, which can automatically adjust the rotational speed based on real-time pressure, ensuring that pressure fluctuations are kept within ±5% Within.
2. Concrete Performance Monitoring
IoT sensors are used to monitor concrete conditions in real time, including slump, spread, and air content. In one project, ultrasonic sensors were installed inside the hopper of a wet-mix shotcrete machine, each… 5 Data is collected once every minute, and when the slump falls below 16cm The system automatically triggers an alarm and adjusts the dosage of the water-reducing admixture.
IV. Security Assurance Measures
1. Emergency Sealing System
Equipped with a dual‑stage sealing emergency system, the secondary seal automatically activates and triggers an alarm when the primary seal fails. For a certain model of wet‑spraying truck, after the primary seal fails, the secondary seal can… 0.3 Switching is completed within seconds, preventing seawater backflow.
2. Personnel Protection and Operational Guidelines
Operators must wear diving suits and pressure-resistant helmets and control the equipment via an underwater remote controller. According to a certain engineering regulation, during underwater operations, it is required to maintain… 2 Operate collaboratively with at least two personnel, and equip with a safety harness and an emergency buoyancy device.
3. Pipeline Cleaning and Maintenance
After each operation, the pipelines must be flushed with a high-pressure water jet and then purged with compressed air to remove any residual moisture. In one project, the wet-spraying carriage’s built-in pipeline‑cleaning program can… 15 Complete the entire cleaning process within minutes to prevent concrete from hardening and causing blockages.
The fully automated wet‑spraying carriage technology for underwater concrete pumping, through equipment modification, process optimization, and intelligent control, has achieved efficient and safe construction. Following its implementation in a cross‑sea bridge project, the daily volume of underwater shotcrete exceeded 200 cubic meters, with the rebound rate controlled at 8% Within, efficiency is improved compared to traditional processes. 40% , providing a reliable solution for underwater engineering support.
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